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ABAP Keyword Documentation → ABAP − Reference → Processing External Data → ABAP Database Accesses → Open SQL → Open SQL - Read Accesses →Syntax
SELECT result
FROM source
INTO|APPENDING target
[[FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab] WHERE sql_cond]
[GROUP BY
group] [HAVING group_cond]
[ORDER BY sort_key].
...
[ENDSELECT].
Effect
SELECT is the Open SQL statement for reading data from one or more database tables into data objects.
The select statement reads a result set (whose structure is determined in result) from the database tables specified in source, and assigns the data from the result set to the data objects specified in target. You can restrict the result set using the WHERE addition. The addition GROUP BY merges multiple database rows into one row of the result set. The addition HAVING restricts the merged rows. The addition ORDER BY sorts the result set.
The data objects specified in target must correspond to the result set result. This means that the result set is either assigned to the data objects in one step, or by rows or packets of rows. The latter is the case:
If these approproaches are used, the SELECT statement opens a loop, which must be closed with ENDSELECT. In each loop iteration, the SELECT statement assigns a row or a packet of rows to the data objects specified in target. If the last row has been assigned or the result set is empty, SELECT jumps to ENDSELECT. A database cursor is opened implicitly to process a SELECT loop, and is closed again when the loop has ended. You can exit the loop using the statements listed in the Exiting Loops section. If the total results set is passed to the data object in a single step, a loop is not opened and the statement ENDSELECT cannot be specified.
With the exception of the INTO and APPENDING additions,
the entries in the SELECT statement specify which data should be read by the database and in what form. This requirement is implemented in the
database interface for the database system´s programming interface and is then passed to the database system. The data is read in
packets from the database and is transported from the database server to the current
application server.
On the application server, the data is passed to the data objects of the ABAP program in accordance
with the settings specified in the INTO and APPENDING additions.
System Fields
The SELECT statement sets the values of the system fields sy-subrc and sy-dbcnt.
sy-subrc | Meaning |
0 | The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 0 for every value passed to an ABAP data object. The SELECT statement also sets sy-subrc to 0 before it exits a SELECT loop with ENDSELECT if at least one row was passed. |
4 | The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 4 if the result set is empty, that is, if no data was found in the database. Special rules apply when aggregate expressions only are used in result. |
8 | The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 8 if the FOR UPDATE addition is used in result, and the primary key is not fully specified after WHERE. |
After each value that is passed to an ABAP data object, the SELECT statement
sets sy-dbcnt to the number of rows passed. If an overflow occurs because
the number or rows is greater than 2,147,483,647, sy-dbcnt is set to -1.
If the result set is empty, sy-dbcnt is set to 0. As with sy-subrc, special rules apply if
aggregate expressions only are used in result.
Notes