Date functions

GoogleSQL for BigQuery supports the following date functions.

Function list

Name Summary
CURRENT_DATE Returns the current date as a DATE value.
DATE Constructs a DATE value.
DATE_ADD Adds a specified time interval to a DATE value.
DATE_DIFF Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATE values at a particular time granularity.
DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE Interprets an INT64 expression as the number of days since 1970-01-01.
DATE_SUB Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATE value.
DATE_TRUNC Truncates a DATE value.
EXTRACT Extracts part of a date from a DATE value.
FORMAT_DATE Formats a DATE value according to a specified format string.
LAST_DAY Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATE value.
PARSE_DATE Converts a STRING value to a DATE value.
UNIX_DATE Converts a DATE value to the number of days since 1970-01-01.

CURRENT_DATE

CURRENT_DATE()
CURRENT_DATE(time_zone_expression)
CURRENT_DATE

Description

Returns the current date as a DATE object. Parentheses are optional when called with no arguments.

This function supports the following arguments:

The current date is recorded at the start of the query statement which contains this function, not when this specific function is evaluated.

Return Data Type

DATE

Examples

The following query produces the current date in the default time zone:

SELECT CURRENT_DATE() AS the_date;

/*--------------*
 | the_date     |
 +--------------+
 | 2016-12-25   |
 *--------------*/

The following queries produce the current date in a specified time zone:

SELECT CURRENT_DATE('America/Los_Angeles') AS the_date;

/*--------------*
 | the_date     |
 +--------------+
 | 2016-12-25   |
 *--------------*/
SELECT CURRENT_DATE('-08') AS the_date;

/*--------------*
 | the_date     |
 +--------------+
 | 2016-12-25   |
 *--------------*/

The following query produces the current date in the default time zone. Parentheses are not needed if the function has no arguments.

SELECT CURRENT_DATE AS the_date;

/*--------------*
 | the_date     |
 +--------------+
 | 2016-12-25   |
 *--------------*/

When a column named current_date is present, the column name and the function call without parentheses are ambiguous. To ensure the function call, add parentheses; to ensure the column name, qualify it with its range variable. For example, the following query will select the function in the the_date column and the table column in the current_date column.

WITH t AS (SELECT 'column value' AS `current_date`)
SELECT current_date() AS the_date, t.current_date FROM t;

/*------------+--------------*
 | the_date   | current_date |
 +------------+--------------+
 | 2016-12-25 | column value |
 *------------+--------------*/

DATE

DATE(year, month, day)
DATE(timestamp_expression)
DATE(timestamp_expression, time_zone_expression)
DATE(datetime_expression)

Description

Constructs or extracts a date.

This function supports the following arguments:

Return Data Type

DATE

Example

SELECT
  DATE(2016, 12, 25) AS date_ymd,
  DATE(DATETIME '2016-12-25 23:59:59') AS date_dt,
  DATE(TIMESTAMP '2016-12-25 05:30:00+07', 'America/Los_Angeles') AS date_tstz;

/*------------+------------+------------*
 | date_ymd   | date_dt    | date_tstz  |
 +------------+------------+------------+
 | 2016-12-25 | 2016-12-25 | 2016-12-24 |
 *------------+------------+------------*/

DATE_ADD

DATE_ADD(date_expression, INTERVAL int64_expression date_part)

Description

Adds a specified time interval to a DATE.

DATE_ADD supports the following date_part values:

Special handling is required for MONTH, QUARTER, and YEAR parts when the date is at (or near) the last day of the month. If the resulting month has fewer days than the original date's day, then the resulting date is the last date of that month.

Return Data Type

DATE

Example

SELECT DATE_ADD(DATE '2008-12-25', INTERVAL 5 DAY) AS five_days_later;

/*--------------------*
 | five_days_later    |
 +--------------------+
 | 2008-12-30         |
 *--------------------*/

DATE_DIFF

DATE_DIFF(end_date, start_date, granularity)

Description

Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATE values (end_date - start_date) at a particular time granularity.

Definitions

Details

If end_date is earlier than start_date, the output is negative.

Return Data Type

INT64

Example

SELECT DATE_DIFF(DATE '2010-07-07', DATE '2008-12-25', DAY) AS days_diff;

/*-----------*
 | days_diff |
 +-----------+
 | 559       |
 *-----------*/
SELECT
  DATE_DIFF(DATE '2017-10-15', DATE '2017-10-14', DAY) AS days_diff,
  DATE_DIFF(DATE '2017-10-15', DATE '2017-10-14', WEEK) AS weeks_diff;

/*-----------+------------*
 | days_diff | weeks_diff |
 +-----------+------------+
 | 1         | 1          |
 *-----------+------------*/

The example above shows the result of DATE_DIFF for two days in succession. DATE_DIFF with the date part WEEK returns 1 because DATE_DIFF counts the number of date part boundaries in this range of dates. Each WEEK begins on Sunday, so there is one date part boundary between Saturday, 2017-10-14 and Sunday, 2017-10-15.

The following example shows the result of DATE_DIFF for two dates in different years. DATE_DIFF with the date part YEAR returns 3 because it counts the number of Gregorian calendar year boundaries between the two dates. DATE_DIFF with the date part ISOYEAR returns 2 because the second date belongs to the ISO year 2015. The first Thursday of the 2015 calendar year was 2015-01-01, so the ISO year 2015 begins on the preceding Monday, 2014-12-29.

SELECT
  DATE_DIFF('2017-12-30', '2014-12-30', YEAR) AS year_diff,
  DATE_DIFF('2017-12-30', '2014-12-30', ISOYEAR) AS isoyear_diff;

/*-----------+--------------*
 | year_diff | isoyear_diff |
 +-----------+--------------+
 | 3         | 2            |
 *-----------+--------------*/

The following example shows the result of DATE_DIFF for two days in succession. The first date falls on a Monday and the second date falls on a Sunday. DATE_DIFF with the date part WEEK returns 0 because this date part uses weeks that begin on Sunday. DATE_DIFF with the date part WEEK(MONDAY) returns 1. DATE_DIFF with the date part ISOWEEK also returns 1 because ISO weeks begin on Monday.

SELECT
  DATE_DIFF('2017-12-18', '2017-12-17', WEEK) AS week_diff,
  DATE_DIFF('2017-12-18', '2017-12-17', WEEK(MONDAY)) AS week_weekday_diff,
  DATE_DIFF('2017-12-18', '2017-12-17', ISOWEEK) AS isoweek_diff;

/*-----------+-------------------+--------------*
 | week_diff | week_weekday_diff | isoweek_diff |
 +-----------+-------------------+--------------+
 | 0         | 1                 | 1            |
 *-----------+-------------------+--------------*/

DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE

DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE(int64_expression)

Description

Interprets int64_expression as the number of days since 1970-01-01.

Return Data Type

DATE

Example

SELECT DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE(14238) AS date_from_epoch;

/*-----------------*
 | date_from_epoch |
 +-----------------+
 | 2008-12-25      |
 *-----------------+*/

DATE_SUB

DATE_SUB(date_expression, INTERVAL int64_expression date_part)

Description

Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATE.

DATE_SUB supports the following date_part values:

Special handling is required for MONTH, QUARTER, and YEAR parts when the date is at (or near) the last day of the month. If the resulting month has fewer days than the original date's day, then the resulting date is the last date of that month.

Return Data Type

DATE

Example

SELECT DATE_SUB(DATE '2008-12-25', INTERVAL 5 DAY) AS five_days_ago;

/*---------------*
 | five_days_ago |
 +---------------+
 | 2008-12-20    |
 *---------------*/

DATE_TRUNC

DATE_TRUNC(date_expression, date_part)

Description

Truncates a DATE value to the granularity of date_part. The DATE value is always rounded to the beginning of date_part, which can be one of the following:

Return Data Type

DATE

Examples

SELECT DATE_TRUNC(DATE '2008-12-25', MONTH) AS month;

/*------------*
 | month      |
 +------------+
 | 2008-12-01 |
 *------------*/

In the following example, the original date falls on a Sunday. Because the date_part is WEEK(MONDAY), DATE_TRUNC returns the DATE for the preceding Monday.

SELECT date AS original, DATE_TRUNC(date, WEEK(MONDAY)) AS truncated
FROM (SELECT DATE('2017-11-05') AS date);

/*------------+------------*
 | original   | truncated  |
 +------------+------------+
 | 2017-11-05 | 2017-10-30 |
 *------------+------------*/

In the following example, the original date_expression is in the Gregorian calendar year 2015. However, DATE_TRUNC with the ISOYEAR date part truncates the date_expression to the beginning of the ISO year, not the Gregorian calendar year. The first Thursday of the 2015 calendar year was 2015-01-01, so the ISO year 2015 begins on the preceding Monday, 2014-12-29. Therefore the ISO year boundary preceding the date_expression 2015-06-15 is 2014-12-29.

SELECT
  DATE_TRUNC('2015-06-15', ISOYEAR) AS isoyear_boundary,
  EXTRACT(ISOYEAR FROM DATE '2015-06-15') AS isoyear_number;

/*------------------+----------------*
 | isoyear_boundary | isoyear_number |
 +------------------+----------------+
 | 2014-12-29       | 2015           |
 *------------------+----------------*/

EXTRACT

EXTRACT(part FROM date_expression)

Description

Returns the value corresponding to the specified date part. The part must be one of:

Return Data Type

INT64

Examples

In the following example, EXTRACT returns a value corresponding to the DAY date part.

SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATE '2013-12-25') AS the_day;

/*---------*
 | the_day |
 +---------+
 | 25      |
 *---------*/

In the following example, EXTRACT returns values corresponding to different date parts from a column of dates near the end of the year.

SELECT
  date,
  EXTRACT(ISOYEAR FROM date) AS isoyear,
  EXTRACT(ISOWEEK FROM date) AS isoweek,
  EXTRACT(YEAR FROM date) AS year,
  EXTRACT(WEEK FROM date) AS week
FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY('2015-12-23', '2016-01-09')) AS date
ORDER BY date;

/*------------+---------+---------+------+------*
 | date       | isoyear | isoweek | year | week |
 +------------+---------+---------+------+------+
 | 2015-12-23 | 2015    | 52      | 2015 | 51   |
 | 2015-12-24 | 2015    | 52      | 2015 | 51   |
 | 2015-12-25 | 2015    | 52      | 2015 | 51   |
 | 2015-12-26 | 2015    | 52      | 2015 | 51   |
 | 2015-12-27 | 2015    | 52      | 2015 | 52   |
 | 2015-12-28 | 2015    | 53      | 2015 | 52   |
 | 2015-12-29 | 2015    | 53      | 2015 | 52   |
 | 2015-12-30 | 2015    | 53      | 2015 | 52   |
 | 2015-12-31 | 2015    | 53      | 2015 | 52   |
 | 2016-01-01 | 2015    | 53      | 2016 | 0    |
 | 2016-01-02 | 2015    | 53      | 2016 | 0    |
 | 2016-01-03 | 2015    | 53      | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-04 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-05 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-06 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-07 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-08 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 | 2016-01-09 | 2016    | 1       | 2016 | 1    |
 *------------+---------+---------+------+------*/

In the following example, date_expression falls on a Sunday. EXTRACT calculates the first column using weeks that begin on Sunday, and it calculates the second column using weeks that begin on Monday.

WITH table AS (SELECT DATE('2017-11-05') AS date)
SELECT
  date,
  EXTRACT(WEEK(SUNDAY) FROM date) AS week_sunday,
  EXTRACT(WEEK(MONDAY) FROM date) AS week_monday FROM table;

/*------------+-------------+-------------*
 | date       | week_sunday | week_monday |
 +------------+-------------+-------------+
 | 2017-11-05 | 45          | 44          |
 *------------+-------------+-------------*/

FORMAT_DATE

FORMAT_DATE(format_string, date_expr)

Description

Formats the date_expr according to the specified format_string.

See Supported Format Elements For DATE for a list of format elements that this function supports.

Return Data Type

STRING

Examples

SELECT FORMAT_DATE('%x', DATE '2008-12-25') AS US_format;

/*------------*
 | US_format  |
 +------------+
 | 12/25/08   |
 *------------*/
SELECT FORMAT_DATE('%b-%d-%Y', DATE '2008-12-25') AS formatted;

/*-------------*
 | formatted   |
 +-------------+
 | Dec-25-2008 |
 *-------------*/
SELECT FORMAT_DATE('%b %Y', DATE '2008-12-25') AS formatted;

/*-------------*
 | formatted   |
 +-------------+
 | Dec 2008    |
 *-------------*/

LAST_DAY

LAST_DAY(date_expression[, date_part])

Description

Returns the last day from a date expression. This is commonly used to return the last day of the month.

You can optionally specify the date part for which the last day is returned. If this parameter is not used, the default value is MONTH. LAST_DAY supports the following values for date_part:

Return Data Type

DATE

Example

These both return the last day of the month:

SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2008-11-25', MONTH) AS last_day

/*------------*
 | last_day   |
 +------------+
 | 2008-11-30 |
 *------------*/
SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2008-11-25') AS last_day

/*------------*
 | last_day   |
 +------------+
 | 2008-11-30 |
 *------------*/

This returns the last day of the year:

SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2008-11-25', YEAR) AS last_day

/*------------*
 | last_day   |
 +------------+
 | 2008-12-31 |
 *------------*/

This returns the last day of the week for a week that starts on a Sunday:

SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2008-11-10', WEEK(SUNDAY)) AS last_day

/*------------*
 | last_day   |
 +------------+
 | 2008-11-15 |
 *------------*/

This returns the last day of the week for a week that starts on a Monday:

SELECT LAST_DAY(DATE '2008-11-10', WEEK(MONDAY)) AS last_day

/*------------*
 | last_day   |
 +------------+
 | 2008-11-16 |
 *------------*/

PARSE_DATE

PARSE_DATE(format_string, date_string)

Description

Converts a string representation of date to a DATE object.

format_string contains the format elements that define how date_string is formatted. Each element in date_string must have a corresponding element in format_string. The location of each element in format_string must match the location of each element in date_string.

-- This works because elements on both sides match.
SELECT PARSE_DATE('%A %b %e %Y', 'Thursday Dec 25 2008');

-- This produces an error because the year element is in different locations.
SELECT PARSE_DATE('%Y %A %b %e', 'Thursday Dec 25 2008');

-- This produces an error because one of the year elements is missing.
SELECT PARSE_DATE('%A %b %e', 'Thursday Dec 25 2008');

-- This works because %F can find all matching elements in date_string.
SELECT PARSE_DATE('%F', '2000-12-30');

When using PARSE_DATE, keep the following in mind:

Return Data Type

DATE

Examples

This example converts a MM/DD/YY formatted string to a DATE object:

SELECT PARSE_DATE('%x', '12/25/08') AS parsed;

/*------------*
 | parsed     |
 +------------+
 | 2008-12-25 |
 *------------*/

This example converts a YYYYMMDD formatted string to a DATE object:

SELECT PARSE_DATE('%Y%m%d', '20081225') AS parsed;

/*------------*
 | parsed     |
 +------------+
 | 2008-12-25 |
 *------------*/

UNIX_DATE

UNIX_DATE(date_expression)

Description

Returns the number of days since 1970-01-01.

Return Data Type

INT64

Example

SELECT UNIX_DATE(DATE '2008-12-25') AS days_from_epoch;

/*-----------------*
 | days_from_epoch |
 +-----------------+
 | 14238           |
 *-----------------*/