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This module contains support for a rope data type. Ropes can represent very long strings efficiently; in particular, concatenation is done in O(1) instead of O(n). They are essentially concatenation trees that are only flattened when converting to a native Nim string. The empty string is represented by nil. Ropes are immutable and subtrees can be shared without copying. Leaves can be cached for better memory efficiency at the cost of runtime efficiency.
Rope {.acyclic.} = ref object
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A rope data type. The empty rope is represented by nil.
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proc `$`(r: Rope): string {....gcsafe, extern: "nroToString", raises: [], tags: [],
forbids: [].}
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Converts a rope back to a string.
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proc `%`(frmt: string; args: openArray[Rope]): Rope {....gcsafe,
extern: "nroFormat", raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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% substitution operator for ropes. Does not support the $identifier nor ${identifier} notations.
Example:
let r1 = "$1 $2 $3" % [rope("Nim"), rope("is"), rope("a great language")]
doAssert $r1 == "Nim is a great language"
let r2 = "$# $# $#" % [rope("Nim"), rope("is"), rope("a great language")]
doAssert $r2 == "Nim is a great language"
let r3 = "${1} ${2} ${3}" % [rope("Nim"), rope("is"), rope("a great language")]
doAssert $r3 == "Nim is a great language"
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proc `&`(a, b: Rope): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nroConcRopeRope", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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The concatenation operator for ropes.
Example:
let r = rope("Hello, ") & rope("Nim!")
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc `&`(a: openArray[Rope]): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nroConcOpenArray",
raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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The concatenation operator for an openArray of ropes.
Example:
let r = &[rope("Hello, "), rope("Nim"), rope("!")]
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc `&`(a: Rope; b: string): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nroConcRopeStr",
raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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The concatenation operator for ropes.
Example:
let r = rope("Hello, ") & "Nim!"
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc `&`(a: string; b: Rope): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nroConcStrRope",
raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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The concatenation operator for ropes.
Example:
let r = "Hello, " & rope("Nim!")
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc `[]`(r: Rope; i: int): char {....gcsafe, extern: "nroCharAt", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Returns the character at position i in the rope r. This is quite expensive! Worst-case: O(n). If i >= r.len or i < 0, \0 is returned.
Example:
let r = rope("Hello, Nim!")
doAssert r[0] == 'H'
doAssert r[7] == 'N'
doAssert r[22] == '\0'
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proc add(a: var Rope; b: Rope) {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1Rope", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Adds b to the rope a.
Example:
var r = rope("Hello, ")
r.add(rope("Nim!"))
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc add(a: var Rope; b: string) {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1Str", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Adds b to the rope a.
Example:
var r = rope("Hello, ")
r.add("Nim!")
doAssert $r == "Hello, Nim!"
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proc addf(c: var Rope; frmt: string; args: openArray[Rope]) {....gcsafe,
extern: "nro$1", raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Shortcut for add(c, frmt % args).
Example:
var r = rope("Dash: ")
r.addf "$1 $2 $3", [rope("Nim"), rope("is"), rope("a great language")]
doAssert $r == "Dash: Nim is a great language"
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proc disableCache() {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1", raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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The cache is discarded and disabled. The GC will reuse its used memory.
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proc enableCache() {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1", raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Enables the caching of leaves. This reduces the memory footprint at the cost of runtime efficiency.
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proc equalsFile(r: Rope; f: File): bool {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1File",
raises: [IOError], tags: [ReadIOEffect], forbids: [].}
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Returns true if the contents of the file f equal r.
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proc equalsFile(r: Rope; filename: string): bool {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1Str",
raises: [IOError], tags: [ReadIOEffect], forbids: [].}
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Returns true if the contents of the file f equal r. If f does not exist, false is returned.
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proc len(a: Rope): int {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1", raises: [], tags: [],
forbids: [].}
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The rope's length.
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proc rope(f: BiggestFloat): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1BiggestFloat",
raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Converts a float to a rope.
Example:
let r = rope(4.29)
doAssert $r == "4.29"
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proc rope(i: BiggestInt): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1BiggestInt", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Converts an int to a rope.
Example:
let r = rope(429)
doAssert $r == "429"
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proc rope(s: string = ""): Rope {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1Str", raises: [],
tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Converts a string to a rope.
Example:
let r = rope("I'm a rope")
doAssert $r == "I'm a rope"
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proc write(f: File; r: Rope) {....gcsafe, extern: "nro$1", raises: [IOError],
tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}
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Writes a rope to a file.
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proc write(s: Stream; r: Rope) {....gcsafe, extern: "nroWriteStream",
raises: [IOError, OSError],
tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}
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Writes a rope to a stream.
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iterator items(r: Rope): char {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Iterates over any character in the rope r.
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iterator leaves(r: Rope): string {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}
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Iterates over any leaf string in the rope r.
Example:
let r = rope("Hello") & rope(", Nim!")
let s = ["Hello", ", Nim!"]
var index = 0
for leave in r.leaves:
doAssert leave == s[index]
inc(index)
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