1. Abramowitz Stegun 1970 2. Acknowledgments 3. Action commands 4. ActivationList 5. Add action command 6. Add menu command 7. Add to dynamic menu 8. Add to fixed menu 9. Advanced pitch settings 10. Advanced pulses settings 11. Advanced spectrogram settings 12. AffineTransform Invert 13. AffineTransform 14. aliasing 15. Ammar et al 2001 16. AmplitudeTier 17. Anderson 1935 18. Anderson 1978 19. Anderson et al 1999 20. Archangeli Pulleyblank 1994 21. Articulatory synthesis 22. Artword Speaker To Sound 23. Artword 24. audio control panel 25. Axes 26. Bai Demmel 1993 27. band filtering in the frequency domain 28. BarkFilter 29. BarkSpectrogram Draw Sekey-Hanson auditory filters 30. BarkSpectrogram Paint image 31. BarkSpectrogram 32. Bartlett 1954 33. Berry et al 2007 34. BHEP multivariate normality test 35. biharmonic spline interpolation 36. binomialQ 37. Bishop 2006 38. blind source separation 39. Blumensath Davies 2010 40. Boersma Escudero 2008 41. Boersma Hayes 2001 42. Boersma Kovacic 2006 43. Boersma Pater 2016 44. Boersma 1993 45. Boersma 1997 46. Boersma 1998 47. Boersma 2000 48. Boersma 2009a 49. Boersma 2009b 50. Boll 1979 51. Bonferroni correction 52. Boomsma 1977 53. bootstrap 54. Borg Groenen 1997 55. box plot 56. Brokken 1983 57. Buse 1973 58. ButtonEditor 59. buttons file 60. Cailliez 1983 61. Calculator 62. Calculator 63. CANDECOMP 64. Candidate modelling settings 65. Canonical correlation analysis 66. canonical variate 67. Carroll Chang 1970 68. Carroll Wish 1974 69. Categories Append 70. Categories Difference 71. Categories Edit 72. Categories To Confusion 73. Categories 74. CategoriesEditor 75. CC Get c0 value in frame 76. CC Get value in frame 77. CC Paint 78. CC To DTW 79. CC To Matrix 80. CC 81. CCA Correlation Get redundancy sl 82. CCA Correlation Get variance fraction 83. CCA Correlation To TableOfReal loadings 84. CCA TableOfReal Predict 85. CCA TableOfReal To TableOfReal loadings 86. CCA TableOfReal To TableOfReal scores 87. CCA Get zero correlation probability 88. CCA 89. Cepstrum 90. Chan Golub LeVeque 1979 91. Chan Golub LeVeque 1983 92. Chebyshev polynomials 93. ChebyshevSeries To Polynomial 94. ChebyshevSeries 95. Childers 1978 96. ClassificationTable To Confusion 97. ClassificationTable 98. Clear history 99. Click 100. Cochleagram Formula 101. Cochleagram 102. Colour 103. Combine to stereo 104. Command-click 105. concentration ellipse 106. confidence interval 107. confidence level 108. Configuration AffineTransform To Configuration 109. Configuration Configuration To Procrustes 110. Configuration Procrustes To Configuration 111. Configuration Centralize 112. Configuration Draw 113. Configuration Invert dimension 114. Configuration Normalize 115. Configuration Randomize 116. Configuration Rotate 117. Configuration Rotate pc 118. Configuration To Configuration procrustes 119. Configuration To Configuration varimax 120. Configuration To Distance 121. Configuration To Similarity cc 122. Configuration 123. Configurations To AffineTransform congruence 124. Confusion ClassificationTable Increase confusion cou 125. Confusion Condense 126. Confusion Get fraction correct 127. Confusion Get response sum 128. Confusion Get stimulus sum 129. Confusion Group 130. Confusion Group responses 131. Confusion Group stimuli 132. Confusion Increase 133. Confusion To Dissimilarity 134. Confusion To Dissimilarity pdf 135. Confusion To Similarity 136. Confusion To TableOfReal marginals 137. Confusion 138. congruence coefficient 139. constant extrapolation 140. constraints 141. ContingencyTable To Configuration ca 142. ContingencyTable 143. Cooley Lohnes 1971 144. Copy 145. Copy to clipboard 146. Correlation Confidence intervals 147. Correlation 148. Correspondence analysis 149. Covariance TableOfReal Extract quantile range 150. Covariance TableOfReal To TableOfReal mahalanobis 151. Covariance Difference 152. Covariance Get fraction variance 153. Covariance Get significance of means difference 154. Covariance Get significance of one mean 155. Covariance Get significance of one variance 156. Covariance Get significance of variance ratio 157. Covariance Set value 158. Covariance To TableOfReal random sampling 159. Covariance 160. Covariances Report equality 161. Covariances Report multivariate mean difference 162. Create Artword 163. Create ChebyshevSeries 164. Create Configuration 165. Create DurationTier 166. Create empty EditCostsTable 167. Create empty PointProcess 168. Create FFNet 169. Create FFNet linear outputs 170. Create formant table Peterson Barney 1952 171. Create formant table Pols Van Nierop 1973 172. Create formant table Weenink 1985 173. Create FormantGrid 174. Create INDSCAL Carroll Wish example 175. Create IntensityTier 176. Create iris example 177. Create ISpline 178. Create KlattGrid 179. Create KlattGrid from vowel 180. Create LegendreSeries 181. Create letter R example 182. Create Matrix 183. Create MSpline 184. Create Permutation 185. Create PitchTier 186. Create Poisson process 187. Create Polynomial 188. Create simple Confusion 189. Create simple Correlation 190. Create simple Covariance 191. Create simple Matrix 192. Create simple MixingMatrix 193. Create simple Polygon 194. Create Sound as gammatone 195. Create Sound as Shepard tone 196. Create Sound as tone complex 197. Create Sound from formula 198. Create Speaker 199. Create SpeechSynthesizer 200. Create Strings as file list 201. Create Strings as folder list 202. Create Strings as tokens 203. Create TableOfReal Pols 1973 204. Create TableOfReal Sandwell 1987 205. Create TableOfReal Van Nierop 1973 206. Create TableOfReal Weenink 1985 207. Create TextGrid 208. Create tongue-root grammar 209. Create Vocal Tract from phone 210. CrossCorrelationTable 211. CrossCorrelationTableList Create test set 212. CrossCorrelationTableList 213. Davis Mermelstein 1980 214. De Leeuw Pruzansky 1978 215. De Leeuw 1977 216. Deliyski 1993 217. Demo window 218. Deng Tang 2011 219. Deng et al 2006 220. Difference of two proportions 221. differenceLimensToPhon 222. Discriminant PatternList To Categories 223. Discriminant SSCP Project 224. Discriminant TableOfReal To ClassificationTable 225. Discriminant TableOfReal To Configuration 226. Discriminant TableOfReal To TableOfReal mahalanobis 227. Discriminant Draw sigma ellipses 228. Discriminant Extract pooled within-groups SSCP 229. Discriminant Extract within-group SSCP 230. Discriminant Get concentration ellipse area 231. Discriminant Get confidence ellipse area 232. Discriminant Get contribution of component 233. Discriminant Get partial discrimination probability 234. Discriminant Get Wilks lambda 235. Discriminant analysis 236. Discriminant 237. disparities 238. Dissimilarity Configuration Weight Get stress 239. Dissimilarity Configuration Weight To Configuratio 240. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw regression absolut 241. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw regression i-splin 242. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw regression interva 243. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw regression monoton 244. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw regression ratio m 245. Dissimilarity Configuration Draw Shepard diagram 246. Dissimilarity Configuration Get stress absolute mds 247. Dissimilarity Configuration Get stress i-spline mds 248. Dissimilarity Configuration Get stress interval mds 249. Dissimilarity Configuration Get stress monotone mds 250. Dissimilarity Configuration Get stress ratio mds 251. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration absolu 252. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration i-spli 253. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration interv 254. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration kruska 255. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration monoto 256. Dissimilarity Configuration To Configuration ratio 257. Dissimilarity Weight To Configuration 258. Dissimilarity Get additive constant 259. Dissimilarity To Configuration absolute mds 260. Dissimilarity To Configuration i-spline mds 261. Dissimilarity To Configuration interval mds 262. Dissimilarity To Configuration kruskal 263. Dissimilarity To Configuration monotone mds 264. Dissimilarity To Configuration ratio mds 265. Dissimilarity To Distance 266. Dissimilarity To Weight 267. Dissimilarity 268. Distance Configuration Salience Get VAF 269. Distance Configuration Salience To Configuration 270. Distance Configuration Draw scatter diagram 271. Distance Configuration Get VAF 272. Distance Configuration To Configuration indscal 273. Distance To Configuration indscal 274. Distance To Configuration ytl 275. Distance To ScalarProduct 276. Distance 277. Distributions To Strings 278. Distributions 279. Drag 280. Draw inner box 281. Draw menu 282. DTW Sounds Draw 283. DTW Sounds Draw warp x 284. DTW TextGrid To TextGrid warp times 285. DTW Draw warp x 286. DTW Find path band slope 287. DTW Get distance weighted 288. DTW Get maximum consecutive steps 289. DTW Get time along path 290. DTW Get x time from y time 291. DTW Get y time from x time 292. DTW Swap axes 293. DTW To Polygon 294. DTW 295. DurationTier Add point 296. DurationTier Get target duration 297. DurationTier 298. DurationTierEditor 299. Dynamic menu 300. EditCostsTable 301. EditDistanceTable EditCostsTable Set new edit costs 302. EditDistanceTable 303. Editors 304. EEG 305. Efron Tibshirani 1993 306. Eigen Matrix To Matrix project columns 307. Eigen Matrix To Matrix project rows 308. Eigen SSCP Project 309. Eigen TableOfReal Project 310. Eigen Draw eigenvalues 311. Eigen Draw eigenvector 312. Eigen Extract eigenvector 313. Eigen Get contribution of component 314. Eigen Get cumulative contribution of components 315. Eigen Get eigenvalue 316. Eigen Get eigenvector element 317. Eigen 318. Electroglottogram Derivative 319. Electroglottogram First central difference 320. Electroglottogram Get closed glottis intervals 321. Electroglottogram High-pass filter 322. Electroglottogram To AmplitudeTier levels 323. Electroglottogram 324. electroglottography 325. Electroglottography 326. Encapsulated PostScript 327. end time 328. epoch 329. equivalent rectangular bandwidth 330. Erase all 331. Escudero Boersma 2004 332. Escudero Boersma Rauber Bion 2009 333. Espeak 334. Excitation Formula 335. Excitation Get loudness 336. Excitation barkToHertz 337. Excitation hertzToBark 338. Excitation 339. Excitations Append 340. Excitations To PatternList 341. Excitations 342. expectation-maximization 343. ExperimentMFC 1 When to use Praat 344. ExperimentMFC 2 The first example 345. ExperimentMFC 2 1 The experiment file 346. ExperimentMFC 2 2 The stimuli 347. ExperimentMFC 2 3 The carrier phrase 348. ExperimentMFC 2 4 Breaks 349. ExperimentMFC 2 5 Randomization strategies 350. ExperimentMFC 2 6 Instructions 351. ExperimentMFC 2 7 Response categories 352. ExperimentMFC 2 8 Goodness judgments 353. ExperimentMFC 2 9 How an experiment proceeds 354. ExperimentMFC 3 More examples 355. ExperimentMFC 3 1 A simple discrimination experiment 356. ExperimentMFC 3 2 An AXB discrimination experiment 357. ExperimentMFC 3 3 A 4I-oddity experiment 358. ExperimentMFC 3 4 Variable inter-stimulus intervals 359. ExperimentMFC 4 Special buttons 360. ExperimentMFC 4 1 The replay button 361. ExperimentMFC 4 2 The OK button 362. ExperimentMFC 4 3 The oops button 363. ExperimentMFC 5 Stimulus-dependent texts 364. ExperimentMFC 5 1 The stimulus-dependent run text 365. ExperimentMFC 5 2 Stimulus-dependent response buttons 366. ExperimentMFC 6 Responses are sounds 367. ExperimentMFC 7 Blanking the screen 368. ExperimentMFC 8 Running multiple experiments 369. ExperimentMFC 370. Extract one channel 371. Extract visible formant contour 372. Extract visible intensity contour 373. Extract visible pitch contour 374. Extract visible spectrogram 375. F%C3%A9votte Bertin Durrieu 2009 376. Fant 1960 377. FAQ Formant analysis 378. FAQ Frequently Asked Questions 379. FAQ How to cite Praat 380. FAQ Pitch analysis 381. FAQ Scripts 382. FAQ Spectrograms 383. Fast Fourier Transform 384. Fe%CC%81votte Bertin Durrieu 2009 385. Feedforward neural networks 1 What is a feedforward ne 386. Feedforward neural networks 1 1 The learning phase 387. Feedforward neural networks 1 2 The classification pha 388. Feedforward neural networks 2 Quick start 389. Feedforward neural networks 3 FFNet versus discriminan 390. Feedforward neural networks 4 Command overview 391. Feedforward neural networks 392. FFNet PatternList ActivationList Get average costs 393. FFNet PatternList ActivationList Get total costs 394. FFNet PatternList Categories Get average costs 395. FFNet PatternList Categories Get total costs 396. FFNet PatternList Categories Learn 397. FFNet PatternList Categories Learn slow 398. FFNet PatternList To Categories 399. FFNet Categories 400. FFNet Draw cost history 401. FFNet Draw topology 402. FFNet Draw weights 403. FFNet Extract weights 404. FFNet Get number of hidden units 405. FFNet Get number of hidden weights 406. FFNet Get number of inputs 407. FFNet Get number of outputs 408. FFNet Principal components 409. FFNet Reset 410. FFNet Select biases 411. FFNet 412. FFT 413. Figueiredo Jain 2002 414. File menu 415. FilterBank Draw filter functions 416. FilterBank Draw frequency scales 417. FilterBank Get frequency in Bark 418. FilterBank Get frequency in Hertz 419. FilterBank Get frequency in mel 420. Filtering 421. Fischer 2005 422. Fisher 1936 423. fisherQ 424. Fixed menu commands 425. FLAC BSD 3-clause license 426. FLAC files 427. Flanagan Landgraf 1968 428. Flanagan 1960 429. Fleisher et al 2015 430. Font menu 431. Formant Spectrogram To IntensityTier 432. Formant Down to FormantGrid 433. Formant Draw tracks 434. Formant Formula bandwidths 435. Formant Formula frequencies 436. Formant Get bandwidth at time 437. Formant Get maximum 438. Formant Get mean 439. Formant Get minimum 440. Formant Get number of formants 441. Formant Get quantile 442. Formant Get standard deviation 443. Formant Get time of maximum 444. Formant Get time of minimum 445. Formant Get value at time 446. Formant List formant slope 447. Formant Speckle 448. Formant Track 449. Formant 450. FormantFilter 451. FormantGrid Add bandwidth point 452. FormantGrid Add formant point 453. FormantGrid Remove bandwidth points between 454. FormantGrid Remove formant points between 455. FormantGrid 456. FormantModeler Get residual sum of squares 457. FormantPath 458. FormantPathEditor 459. Formants LPC menu 460. Formants Extract smoothest part 461. Formants Extract smoothest part constrained 462. Formula 463. Formulas 1 My first formulas 464. Formulas 1 1 Formulas in the calculator 465. Formulas 1 2 Numeric expressions 466. Formulas 1 3 String expressions 467. Formulas 1 4 Array expressions 468. Formulas 1 5 Formulas in settings windows 469. Formulas 1 6 Formulas for creation 470. Formulas 1 7 Formulas for modification 471. Formulas 1 8 Formulas in scripts 472. Formulas 2 Representations 473. Formulas 2 1 Representation of numbers 474. Formulas 2 2 Representation of strings 475. Formulas 2 3 Representation of arrays 476. Formulas 3 Operators 477. Formulas 4 Constants 478. Formulas 5 Mathematical functions 479. Formulas 6 String functions 480. Formulas 7 Control structures 481. Formulas 8 Attributes of objects 482. Formulas 9 Data in objects 483. Formulas 484. Frequency selection 485. frequency 486. Friedl 1997 487. Functions 488. gammatone 489. Ganong 1980 490. GaussianMixture PCA Draw concentration ellipses 491. GaussianMixture PCA To Matrix density 492. GaussianMixture TableOfReal Get likelihood value 493. GaussianMixture TableOfReal Improve likelihood 494. GaussianMixture TableOfReal To ClassificationTable 495. GaussianMixture TableOfReal To Correlation columns 496. GaussianMixture TableOfReal To GaussianMixture CEMM 497. GaussianMixture TableOfReal To Table BHEP normality 498. GaussianMixture Draw concentration ellipses 499. GaussianMixture Draw marginal pdf 500. GaussianMixture Get probability at position 501. GaussianMixture Split component 502. GaussianMixture To Covariance between 503. GaussianMixture To Covariance total 504. GaussianMixture To Covariance within 505. GaussianMixture To PCA 506. GaussianMixture To TableOfReal random sampling 507. GaussianMixture 508. generalized singular value decomposition 509. Get area 510. Get first formant 511. Get frame number from time 512. Get high index from time 513. Get incomplete gamma 514. Get low index from time 515. Get nearest index from time 516. Get number of frames 517. Get number of samples 518. Get pitch 519. Get sample number from time 520. Get sampling frequency 521. Get sampling period 522. Get second formant 523. Get time from frame number 524. Get time from sample number 525. Get time step 526. Gifi 1990 527. Golub van Loan 1996 528. Goodies 529. Green Carmone Smith 1989 530. Greiner Hormann 1998 531. Harmonicity Formula 532. Harmonicity Get maximum 533. Harmonicity Get mean 534. Harmonicity Get minimum 535. Harmonicity Get standard deviation 536. Harmonicity Get time of maximum 537. Harmonicity Get time of minimum 538. Harmonicity Get value at time 539. Harmonicity Get value in frame 540. Harmonicity 541. Hawks Miller 1995 542. Hayes MacEachern 1998 543. Heath et al 1986 544. Henrich et al 2004 545. Henze Wagner 1997 546. Herbst 2019 547. Herbst et al 2014 548. Hermes 1988 549. Hidden commands 550. Hillenbrand Houde 1996 551. Hillenbrand et al 1994 552. History mechanism 553. HMM HMM HMMObservationSequence Get cross-entropy 554. HMM HMM Get cross-entropy 555. HMM HMMObservationSequence Get cross-entropy 556. HMM HMMObservationSequence Get probability 557. HMM HMMObservationSequence To TableOfReal bigrams 558. HMM HMMObservationSequences Learn 559. HMM HMMStateSequence Get probability 560. HMM Create simple HMM 561. HMM Extract emission probabilities 562. HMM Extract transition probabilities 563. HMM Get emission probability 564. HMM Get expected duration in state 565. HMM Get p time state 566. HMM Get p time state symbol 567. HMM Get probability staying in state 568. HMM Get start probability 569. HMM Get transition probability 570. HMM Set emission probabilities 571. HMM Set start probabilities 572. HMM Set transition probabilities 573. HMM To HMMObservationSequence 574. HMM 575. HMMObservationSequence To TableOfReal bigrams 576. HMMObservationSequence 577. HMMStateSequence 578. Hormann Agathos 2001 579. How to concatenate sound files 580. HTK parameter file format 581. identity permutation 582. IDX file format 583. incomplete gamma function 584. incompleteBeta 585. incompleteGammaP 586. Independent Component Analysis on EEG 587. Index Extract part 588. Index To Permutation 589. Index 590. individual difference scaling 591. INDSCAL analysis 592. Info window 593. Info 594. initialization script 595. Insert picture from file 596. Inspect 597. Intensity PointProcess To IntensityTier 598. Intensity Get maximum 599. Intensity Get mean 600. Intensity Get minimum 601. Intensity Get standard deviation 602. Intensity Get time of maximum 603. Intensity Get time of minimum 604. Intensity Get value at time 605. Intensity Get value in frame 606. Intensity To IntensityTier 607. Intensity To TextGrid silences 608. Intensity 609. IntensityTier Add point 610. IntensityTier Down to PointProcess 611. IntensityTier 612. IntensityTierEditor 613. Interoperability 614. Intro 1 How to get a sound 615. Intro 1 1 Recording a sound 616. Intro 1 2 Reading a sound from disk 617. Intro 1 3 Creating a sound from a formula 618. Intro 2 What to do with a sound 619. Intro 2 1 Saving a sound to disk 620. Intro 2 2 Viewing and editing a sound 621. Intro 3 Spectral analysis 622. Intro 3 1 Viewing a spectrogram 623. Intro 3 2 Configuring the spectrogram 624. Intro 3 3 Querying the spectrogram 625. Intro 3 4 Printing the spectrogram 626. Intro 3 5 The Spectrogram object 627. Intro 3 6 Viewing a spectral slice 628. Intro 3 7 Configuring the spectral slice 629. Intro 3 8 The Spectrum object 630. Intro 4 Pitch analysis 631. Intro 4 1 Viewing a pitch contour 632. Intro 4 2 Configuring the pitch contour 633. Intro 4 3 Querying the pitch contour 634. Intro 4 4 Printing the pitch contour 635. Intro 4 5 The Pitch object 636. Intro 5 Formant analysis 637. Intro 5 1 Viewing formant contours 638. Intro 5 2 Configuring the formant contours 639. Intro 5 3 Querying the formant contours 640. Intro 5 4 The Formant object 641. Intro 6 Intensity analysis 642. Intro 6 1 Viewing an intensity contour 643. Intro 6 2 Configuring the intensity contour 644. Intro 6 3 Querying the intensity contour 645. Intro 6 4 The Intensity object 646. Intro 7 Annotation 647. Intro 8 Manipulation 648. Intro 8 1 Manipulation of pitch 649. Intro 8 2 Manipulation of duration 650. Intro 8 3 Manipulation of intensity 651. Intro 8 4 Manipulation of formants 652. Intro 653. invFisherQ 654. Irino Patterson 1997 655. iris data set 656. Ishizaka Flanagan 1972 657. ISpline 658. Itakura Saito 1968 659. Itakura-Saito divergence 660. J%C3%A4ger 2003 661. Ja%CC%88ger 2003 662. jackknife 663. Jacquelin 2009 664. Janecek et al 2011 665. Jesteadt Wier Green 1977 666. Johannesma 1972 667. Johnson 1998 668. Kaiser 1958 669. Keating Esposito 2006 670. Keyboard shortcuts 671. Khuri 1998 672. Kiers Groenen 1996 673. Kim Kim 2006 674. Kirshenbaum phonetic encoding 675. Klatt Klatt 1990 676. KlattGrid Extract oral formant grid open phases 677. KlattGrid Play special 678. KlattGrid To Sound phonation 679. KlattGrid To Sound special 680. KlattGrid 681. KlattTable 682. Klein Plomp Pols 1970 683. Kostlan Gokhman 1987 684. Krishnamoorthy Yu 2004 685. Kruskal 1964 686. Kruskal analysis 687. Labelling 688. Ladefoged Maddieson 1996 689. Ladefoged 2001 690. Lamel et al 1986 691. LAPACK 692. Lee Seung 2001 693. Lee 1988 694. Legendre polynomials 695. LegendreSeries To Polynomial 696. LegendreSeries 697. lexicographic permutation order 698. LFCC To LPC 699. LFCC 700. linear interpolation 701. List of Objects 702. lnBeta 703. Log files 704. Logarithmic marks left right top bottom 705. Logistic regression 706. LongSound To TextGrid 707. LongSound View 708. LongSound 709. LongSoundEditor 710. LPC Sound Filter 711. LPC Sound Filter inverse with filter at time 712. LPC Sound Filter inverse 713. LPC Sound Filter with filter at time 714. LPC Draw gain 715. LPC Draw poles 716. LPC To Formant 717. LPC To LFCC 718. LPC To Matrix 719. LPC To Polynomial slice 720. LPC To Spectrogram 721. LPC To Spectrum slice 722. LPC To VocalTract slice 723. LPC 724. Ltas Get bin number from frequency 725. Ltas Get bin width 726. Ltas Get frequency from bin number 727. Ltas Get frequency of maximum 728. Ltas Get frequency of minimum 729. Ltas Get highest frequency 730. Ltas Get lowest frequency 731. Ltas Get maximum 732. Ltas Get mean 733. Ltas Get minimum 734. Ltas Get number of bins 735. Ltas Get standard deviation 736. Ltas Get value at frequency 737. Ltas Get value in bin 738. Ltas 739. Ma Nishihara 2013 740. Macintosh sound files 741. Magron Virtanen 2018 742. Mahalanobis distance 743. Manipulation Extract duration tier 744. Manipulation Extract original sound 745. Manipulation Extract pitch tier 746. Manipulation Extract pulses 747. Manipulation Get resynthesis overlap-add 748. Manipulation Play overlap-add 749. Manipulation Replace duration tier 750. Manipulation Replace original sound 751. Manipulation Replace pitch tier 752. Manipulation Replace pulses 753. Manipulation 754. ManipulationEditor 755. ManPages 756. Manual 757. Margins 758. Markel Gray 1976 759. Marks left right top bottom 760. Marks left right top bottom every 761. Marple 1980 762. Marsaglia Tsang 2000 763. Matrix Draw as squares 764. Matrix Draw distribution 765. Matrix Formula 766. Matrix Paint cells 767. Matrix Set value 768. Matrix Solve equation 769. Matrix To NMF ALS 770. Matrix To NMF IS 771. Matrix To NMF m u 772. Matrix To TableOfReal 773. Matrix 774. McCarthy Prince 1995 775. MDS models 776. Measurement levels 777. MelFilter 778. MelSpectrogram Paint image 779. MelSpectrogram To MFCC 780. MelSpectrogram 781. MFCC To MelFilter 782. MFCC To MelSpectrogram 783. MFCC To TableOfReal 784. MFCC 785. MixingMatrix Multiply input channel 786. MixingMatrix 787. Modify 788. Morrison 1990 789. Moulines Charpentier 1990 790. MSpline 791. Multidimensional scaling 792. Nagarajan Wang Merzenich Schreiner Johnston Jenkin 793. New menu 794. New Praat script 795. NIST files 796. NMF 797. Nocedal Wright 1999 798. non-negative matrix factorization 799. Nyquist frequency 800. Object window 801. objects 802. Objects 803. Ogg Vorbis BSD 3-clause license 804. One logarithmic mark left right top bottom 805. One mark left right top bottom 806. Open long sound file 807. Open menu 808. Open Praat script 809. Optimality Theory 810. Opus BSD 3-clause license 811. OT learning 1 Kinds of grammars 812. OT learning 2 The grammar 813. OT learning 2 1 Viewing a grammar 814. OT learning 2 2 Inside the grammar 815. OT learning 2 3 Defining your own grammar 816. OT learning 2 4 Evaluation 817. OT learning 2 5 Editing a grammar 818. OT learning 2 6 Variable output 819. OT learning 2 7 Tableau pictures 820. OT learning 2 8 Asking for one output 821. OT learning 2 9 Output distributions 822. OT learning 3 Generating language data 823. OT learning 3 1 Data from a pair distribution 824. OT learning 3 2 Data from another grammar 825. OT learning 4 Learning an ordinal grammar 826. OT learning 5 Learning a stochastic grammar 827. OT learning 6 Shortcut to grammar learning 828. OT learning 7 Learning from overt forms 829. OT learning 830. OT 831. OTGrammar 2 Strings Learn 832. OTGrammar PairDistribution Find positive weights 833. OTGrammar Strings Inputs to outputs 834. OTGrammar Generate inputs 835. OTGrammar Input to output 836. OTGrammar Input to outputs 837. OTGrammar Learn one 838. OTGrammar To output Distributions 839. OTGrammar 840. OTGrammarEditor 841. overlap-add 842. Overlap-add 843. PairDistribution To Stringses 844. PairDistribution 845. pairwise algorithm for computing sample variances 846. ParamCurve 847. Paste history 848. Pater 2008 849. Pater Potts Bhatt 2007 850. PatternList Categories To FFNet 851. PatternList 852. Patterson Wightman 1976 853. PCA Configuration To TableOfReal reconstruct 854. PCA Covariance Project 855. PCA PCA Get angle between pc1-pc2 planes 856. PCA PCA To Procrustes 857. PCA SSCP Project 858. PCA TableOfReal Get fraction variance 859. PCA TableOfReal To Configuration 860. PCA TableOfReal To TableOfReal z-scores 861. PCA Get eigenvalue 862. PCA Get eigenvector element 863. PCA Get equality of eigenvalues 864. PCA Get fraction variance accounted for 865. PCA Get number of components VAF 866. PCA To TableOfReal reconstruct 1 867. PCA 868. Pen menu 869. Periodicity menu 870. Permutation Get index 871. Permutation Get value 872. Permutation Interleave 873. Permutation Invert 874. Permutation Next 875. Permutation Permute randomly 876. Permutation Permute randomly blocks 877. Permutation Previous 878. Permutation Reverse 879. Permutation Rotate 880. Permutation Sort 881. Permutation Swap blocks 882. Permutation Swap numbers 883. Permutation Swap one from range 884. Permutation Swap positions 885. Permutation Table jump 886. Permutation 887. Permutations Multiply 888. Peterson Barney 1952 889. Phonetic symbols consonants 890. Phonetic symbols diacritics 891. Phonetic symbols vowels 892. Phonetic symbols 893. phonToDifferenceLimens 894. Picture window 895. Pitch PointProcess To PitchTier 896. Pitch Draw 897. Pitch Interpolate 898. Pitch Smooth 899. Pitch To PitchTier 900. Pitch To PointProcess 901. pitch floor 902. Pitch settings 903. Pitch 904. PitchEditor 905. PitchTier Add point 906. PitchTier Down to PointProcess 907. PitchTier Get mean curve 908. PitchTier Get mean points 909. PitchTier Get standard deviation curve 910. PitchTier Get standard deviation points 911. PitchTier Modify interval 912. PitchTier Modify interval tone levels 913. PitchTier Stylize 914. PitchTier To Pitch 915. PitchTier To PointProcess 916. PitchTier 917. PitchTierEditor 918. Play 919. Plomp 1967 920. plug-ins 921. plugins 922. PointEditor 923. PointProcess Add point 924. PointProcess Draw 925. PointProcess Get high index 926. PointProcess Get interval 927. PointProcess Get jitter ddp 928. PointProcess Get jitter local 929. PointProcess Get jitter local absolute 930. PointProcess Get jitter ppq5 931. PointProcess Get jitter rap 932. PointProcess Get low index 933. PointProcess Get nearest index 934. PointProcess Hum 935. PointProcess Play 936. PointProcess Remove point 937. PointProcess Remove point near 938. PointProcess Remove points 939. PointProcess Remove points between 940. PointProcess To PitchTier 941. PointProcess To Sound hum 942. PointProcess To Sound phonation 943. PointProcess To Sound pulse train 944. PointProcess To TextGrid 945. PointProcess To TextGrid vuv 946. PointProcess Up to IntensityTier 947. PointProcess Up to PitchTier 948. PointProcess Up to TextGrid 949. PointProcess 950. PointProcesses Difference 951. PointProcesses Intersection 952. PointProcesses Union 953. Pols et al 1973 954. Polygon Get location of point 955. Polygon Rotate 956. Polygon Simplify 957. Polygon Translate 958. Polygon 959. Polynomial Get area 960. Polynomial Get function value 961. Polynomial Get maximum 962. Polynomial Get minimum 963. Polynomial Get x of maximum 964. Polynomial Get x of minimum 965. Polynomial Scale x 966. Polynomial To Polynomial derivative 967. Polynomial To Polynomial primitive 968. Polynomial To Roots 969. Polynomial To Spectrum 970. Polynomial 971. Polynomials Multiply 972. PostScript settings 973. power spectral density 974. PowerCepstrogram Get CPPS 975. PowerCepstrogram Paint 976. PowerCepstrogram Smooth 977. PowerCepstrogram To Table peak prominence 978. PowerCepstrogram 979. PowerCepstrum Draw 980. PowerCepstrum Draw trend line 981. PowerCepstrum Get peak 982. PowerCepstrum Get peak prominence 983. PowerCepstrum Get quefrency of peak 984. PowerCepstrum Get trend line intercept 985. PowerCepstrum Get trend line slope 986. PowerCepstrum Smooth 987. PowerCepstrum Subtract trend 988. PowerCepstrum 989. Praat menu 990. Praat script 991. preferences file 992. preferences folder 993. Press et al 1992 994. Prince Smolensky 1993 995. Principal component analysis 996. Print 997. Printing 998. Procrustes transform 999. Procrustes 1000. Programming with Praat 1001. Proximity 1002. quantile algorithm 1003. Query menu 1004. Query 1005. Quit 1006. Rabiner 1989 1007. Ramsay 1988 1008. Read from file 1009. Read from Praat picture file 1010. Read Matrix from raw text file 1011. Read separate channels from sound file 1012. Read Strings from raw text file 1013. Record mono Sound 1014. Record stereo Sound 1015. Regular expressions 1 Special characters 1016. Regular expressions 2 Quantifiers 1017. Regular expressions 3 Anchors 1018. Regular expressions 4 Special constructs with parenthe 1019. Regular expressions 5 Special control characters 1020. Regular expressions 6 Convenience escape sequences 1021. Regular expressions 7 Octal and hexadecimal escapes 1022. Regular expressions 8 Substitution special characters 1023. Regular expressions 1024. Remove point 1025. Remove point near 1026. Remove points between 1027. Remove 1028. Rename 1029. Resource fork 1030. reverberation time 1031. Robust Interpretive Parsing 1032. Roots 1033. Rosenberg 1971 1034. Rosenblatt 1962 1035. Rothweiler 1999 1036. Rumelhart McClelland 1986 1037. Sakoe Chiba 1978 1038. Salience 1039. sampling frequency 1040. sampling period 1041. Sandwell 1987 1042. Save as AIFC file 1043. Save as AIFF file 1044. Save as binary file 1045. Save as EPS file 1046. Save as FLAC file 1047. Save as NeXT Sun file 1048. Save as NIST file 1049. Save as PDF file 1050. Save as PNG file 1051. Save as Praat picture file 1052. Save as short text file 1053. Save as text file 1054. Save as WAV file 1055. Save as Windows metafile 1056. Save menu 1057. ScalarProduct 1058. Schott 2001 1059. Scree plot 1060. Script for analysing pitch with a TextGrid 1061. Script for creating a frequency sweep 1062. Script for listing F0 statistics 1063. Script for listing time --F0 --intensity 1064. Script for listing time --F0 pairs 1065. Script for onset detection 1066. Script for TextGrid boundary drawing 1067. ScriptEditor 1068. Scripting 1 Your first scripts 1069. Scripting 2 How to script settings windows 1070. Scripting 3 Simple language elements 1071. Scripting 3 1 Hello world 1072. Scripting 3 2 Numeric variables 1073. Scripting 3 3 Numeric queries 1074. Scripting 3 4 String variables 1075. Scripting 3 5 String queries 1076. Scripting 3 6 For loops 1077. Scripting 3 7 Layout 1078. Scripting 4 Object selection 1079. Scripting 4 1 Selecting objects 1080. Scripting 4 2 Removing objects 1081. Scripting 4 3 Querying objects 1082. Scripting 5 Language elements reference 1083. Scripting 5 1 Variables 1084. Scripting 5 2 Expressions 1085. Scripting 5 3 Jumps 1086. Scripting 5 4 Loops 1087. Scripting 5 5 Procedures 1088. Scripting 5 6 Arrays and dictionaries 1089. Scripting 5 7 Vectors and matrices 1090. Scripting 5 8 Including other scripts 1091. Scripting 5 9 Quitting 1092. Scripting 6 Communication outside the script 1093. Scripting 6 1 Arguments to the script 1094. Scripting 6 2 Writing to the Info window 1095. Scripting 6 3 Query commands 1096. Scripting 6 4 Files 1097. Scripting 6 5 Calling system commands 1098. Scripting 6 6 Controlling the user 1099. Scripting 6 7 Sending a message to another program 1100. Scripting 6 8 Messages to the user 1101. Scripting 6 9 Calling from the command line 1102. Scripting 7 Scripting the editors 1103. Scripting 7 1 Scripting an editor from a shell script 1104. Scripting 7 2 Scripting an editor from within 1105. Scripting 8 Controlling Praat from another program 1106. Scripting 8 1 The sendpraat subroutine 1107. Scripting 8 2 The sendpraat program 1108. Scripting 8 3 The sendpraat directive 1109. Scripting 9 1 Turning a script into a stand-alone prog 1110. Scripting 9 2 Old functions 1111. Scripting examples 1112. Scripting 1113. Segmentation 1114. Sekey Hanson 1984 1115. Select inner viewport 1116. Select outer viewport 1117. sendpraat 1118. Sesam LVS files 1119. Shepard 1964 1120. Shift-click 1121. Shift-drag 1122. Show formant 1123. Show intensity 1124. Show pitch 1125. Show pulses 1126. Show spectrogram 1127. Similarity To Dissimilarity 1128. Similarity 1129. singular value decomposition 1130. Skype Limited BSD 3-clause license 1131. Slaney 1993 1132. smacof 1133. Smolensky Legendre 2006 1134. Smolensky 1986 1135. Soderstrom Mathis Smolensky 2006 1136. solving matrix equations 1137. Sound Formant Filter no scale 1138. Sound Formant Filter 1139. Sound FormantGrid Filter no scale 1140. Sound FormantGrid Filter 1141. Sound IntensityTier Multiply 1142. Sound KlattGrid Filter by vocal tract 1143. Sound Pitch Change gender 1144. Sound Pitch Change speaker 1145. Sound Pitch To PointProcess cc 1146. Sound Pitch To PointProcess peaks 1147. Sound Pitch To Spectrogram 1148. Sound Autocorrelate 1149. Sound Change gender 1150. Sound Change speaker 1151. Sound De-emphasize in-place 1152. Sound Deepen band modulation 1153. Sound Draw where 1154. Sound Extract Electroglottogram 1155. Sound Fade in 1156. Sound Fade out 1157. Sound Filter de-emphasis 1158. Sound Filter formula 1159. Sound Filter gammatone 1160. Sound Filter one formant 1161. Sound Filter pass Hann band 1162. Sound Filter pre-emphasis 1163. Sound Filter stop Hann band 1164. Sound Filter with one formant in-place 1165. Sound Formula 1166. Sound Get absolute extremum 1167. Sound Get energy 1168. Sound Get energy in air 1169. Sound Get intensity dB 1170. Sound Get maximum 1171. Sound Get mean 1172. Sound Get minimum 1173. Sound Get nearest zero crossing 1174. Sound Get power 1175. Sound Get power in air 1176. Sound Get root-mean-square 1177. Sound Get standard deviation 1178. Sound Get time of maximum 1179. Sound Get time of minimum 1180. Sound Get value at sample number 1181. Sound Get value at time 1182. Sound Lengthen overlap-add 1183. Sound LPC analysis 1184. Sound Paint where 1185. Sound Play as frequency shifted 1186. Sound Play 1187. Sound Pre-emphasize in-place 1188. Sound Remove noise 1189. Sound Resample 1190. Sound Scale intensity 1191. Sound Scale peak 1192. Sound Set value at sample number 1193. Sound To BarkSpectrogram 1194. Sound To Covariance channels 1195. Sound To CrossCorrelationTable 1196. Sound To Formant burg 1197. Sound To Formant keep all 1198. Sound To Formant robust 1199. Sound To Formant sl 1200. Sound To FormantFilter 1201. Sound To FormantPath burg 1202. Sound To Harmonicity ac 1203. Sound To Harmonicity cc 1204. Sound To Intensity 1205. Sound To KlattGrid simple 1206. Sound To LPC autocorrelation 1207. Sound To LPC burg 1208. Sound To LPC covariance 1209. Sound To LPC marple 1210. Sound To Ltas pitch-corrected 1211. Sound To MelFilter 1212. Sound To MelSpectrogram 1213. Sound To MFCC 1214. Sound To Pitch 1215. Sound To Pitch ac 1216. Sound To Pitch cc 1217. Sound To Pitch shs 1218. Sound To PointProcess periodic cc 1219. Sound To PointProcess periodic peaks 1220. Sound To Polygon 1221. Sound To PowerCepstrogram 1222. Sound To Sound blind source separation 1223. Sound To Sound whiten channels 1224. Sound To Spectrogram 1225. Sound To Spectrogram pitch-dependent 1226. Sound To Spectrum 1227. Sound To TextGrid 1228. Sound To TextGrid silences 1229. Sound To TextGrid voice activity 1230. Sound Trim silences 1231. Sound files 1 General structure 1232. Sound files 1 1 Sampling 1233. Sound files 1 2 Quantization 1234. Sound files 1 3 Channels 1235. Sound files 1 4 The header 1236. Sound files 1 5 Size 1237. Sound files 1 6 Compression 1238. Sound files 2 File types 1239. Sound files 2 1 WAV files 1240. Sound files 2 2 AIFF files 1241. Sound files 2 3 AIFC files 1242. Sound files 2 4 NeXT Sun au files 1243. Sound files 2 5 NIST files 1244. Sound files 2 6 FLAC files 1245. Sound files 2 7 MP3 files 1246. Sound files 2 8 Ogg Vorbis files 1247. Sound files 2 9 Ogg Opus files 1248. Sound files 3 Files that Praat can read 1249. Sound files 4 Files that Praat can write 1250. Sound files 1251. sound pressure calibration 1252. sound pressure level 1253. Sound 1254. SoundEditor 1255. SoundRecorder 1256. Sounds Concatenate with overlap 1257. Sounds Concatenate 1258. Sounds Convolve 1259. Sounds Cross-correlate 1260. Sounds Paint enclosed 1261. Source-filter synthesis 1 Creating a source from pitch 1262. Source-filter synthesis 2 Filtering a source 1263. Source-filter synthesis 3 The ba-da continuum 1264. Source-filter synthesis 4 Using existing sounds 1265. Source-filter synthesis 1266. Speaker 1267. Special symbols 1268. Spectra Multiply 1269. spectro-temporal representation 1270. Spectrogram Formula 1271. Spectrogram Paint 1272. Spectrogram To Spectrum slice 1273. Spectrogram settings 1274. Spectrogram 1275. Spectrum Conjugate 1276. Spectrum Filter pass Hann band 1277. Spectrum Filter stop Hann band 1278. Spectrum Formula 1279. Spectrum Get central moment 1280. Spectrum Get centre of gravity 1281. Spectrum Get kurtosis 1282. Spectrum Get skewness 1283. Spectrum Get standard deviation 1284. Spectrum Shift frequencies 1285. Spectrum To Ltas 1-to-1 1286. Spectrum To PowerCepstrum 1287. Spectrum To Sound 1288. Spectrum To Spectrogram 1289. Spectrum 1290. SpectrumEditor 1291. SpeechSynthesizer Play text 1292. SpeechSynthesizer Set speech rate from speech 1293. SpeechSynthesizer Set text input settings 1294. SpeechSynthesizer Speech output settings 1295. SpeechSynthesizer To Sound 1296. SpeechSynthesizer 1297. SpellingChecker 1298. spline 1299. SSCP TableOfReal Extract quantile range 1300. SSCP Draw sigma ellipse 1301. SSCP Get confidence ellipse area 1302. SSCP Get diagonality bartlett 1303. SSCP Get fraction variation 1304. SSCP Get sigma ellipse area 1305. SSCP To CCA 1306. SSCP To Covariance 1307. SSCP 1308. start time 1309. Statistics 1310. stereo 1311. Stevens 1951 1312. stress 1313. Strings Permutation Permute strings 1314. Strings To Distributions 1315. Strings To Index 1316. Strings To Permutation 1317. Strings 1318. SVD Get minimum number of singular values 1319. SVD 1320. T-test 1321. Table Bar plot where 1322. Table Box plots where 1323. Table Get median absolute deviation 1324. Table Horizontal error bars plot 1325. Table Horizontal error bars plot where 1326. Table Line graph where 1327. Table Normal probability plot 1328. Table Quantile-quantile plot 1329. Table Report one-way anova 1330. Table Report one-way Kruskal-Wallis 1331. Table Report two-way anova 1332. Table Vertical error bars plot 1333. Table Vertical error bars plot where 1334. Table 1335. TableOfReal Permutation Permute rows 1336. TableOfReal Centre columns 1337. TableOfReal Centre rows 1338. TableOfReal Change column labels 1339. TableOfReal Change row labels 1340. TableOfReal Draw as scalable squares 1341. TableOfReal Draw biplot 1342. TableOfReal Draw box plots 1343. TableOfReal Draw rows as histogram 1344. TableOfReal Get table norm 1345. TableOfReal Normalize columns 1346. TableOfReal Normalize rows 1347. TableOfReal Normalize table 1348. TableOfReal Report multivariate normality BHEP 1349. TableOfReal Select columns where row 1350. TableOfReal Set value 1351. TableOfReal Standardize columns 1352. TableOfReal To CCA 1353. TableOfReal To Configuration lda 1354. TableOfReal To Configuration pca 1355. TableOfReal To Correlation rank 1356. TableOfReal To Correlation 1357. TableOfReal To Covariance 1358. TableOfReal To Discriminant 1359. TableOfReal To GaussianMixture 1360. TableOfReal To GaussianMixture row labels 1361. TableOfReal To PatternList and Categories 1362. TableOfReal To PCA 1363. TableOfReal To SSCP 1364. TableOfReal To TableOfReal means by row labels 1365. TableOfReal 1366. Takane Young de Leeuw 1976 1367. Technical 1368. Ten Berge 1991 1369. Ten Berge 1995 1370. Ten Berge Kiers Krijnen 1993 1371. Tenreiro 2009 1372. Tesar Smolensky 1998 1373. Text 1374. Text left right top bottom 1375. Text styles 1376. TextGrid DurationTier To TextGrid scale times 1377. TextGrid Count labels 1378. TextGrid Extend time 1379. TextGrid To DurationTier 1380. TextGrid file formats 1381. TextGrid 1382. TextGridEditor 1383. TextGridNavigator 1384. TextGrids Merge 1385. Theil 1950 1386. theil regression 1387. time domain 1388. time selection 1389. Time selection 1390. Time step settings 1391. time 1392. TIMIT acoustic-phonetic speech corpus 1393. Torgerson 1958 1394. total duration 1395. Tribolet et al 1979 1396. Tukey 1977 1397. Types of objects 1398. undefined 1399. Undo 1400. Unicode 1401. Van Nierop et al 1973 1402. vector peak interpolation 1403. vector value interpolation 1404. View Edit 1405. View 1406. Viewport text 1407. VocalTract Formula 1408. VocalTract 1409. VocalTractTier 1410. Voice 1 Voice breaks 1411. Voice 2 Jitter 1412. Voice 3 Shimmer 1413. Voice 4 Additive noise 1414. Voice 5 Comparison with other programs 1415. Voice 6 Automating voice analysis with a script 1416. Voice report 1417. Voice 1418. Vollgraf Obermayer 2006 1419. VowelEditor Show vowel marks from Table file 1420. VowelEditor 1421. Wakita 1977 1422. Watrous 1991 1423. waveform 1424. Weenink 1985 1425. Weenink 1999 1426. Weenink 2003 1427. Weenink 2015 1428. Weight 1429. Weller Romney 1990 1430. Wessel Bercovici 1989 1431. What s new 1432. What was new in 3 1 1433. What was new in 3 2 1434. What was new in 3 3 1435. What was new in 3 5 1436. What was new in 3 6 1437. What was new in 3 7 1438. What was new in 3 8 1439. What was new in 3 9 1440. What was new in 4 0 1441. What was new in 4 1 1442. What was new in 4 2 1443. What was new in 4 3 1444. What was new in 4 4 1445. What was new in 4 5 1446. What was new in 4 6 1447. What was new in 5 0 1448. What was new in 5 1 1449. What was new in 5 2 1450. What was new in 5 3 1451. What was new in 5 4 1452. What was new in 6 0 1453. What was new in 6 1 1454. Willems 1986 1455. WordList 1456. Write to console 1457. Young Takane Lewyckyj 1978 1458. Zhang et al 2003 1459. Ziehe et al 2004