tr

Translate characters: run replacements based on single characters and character sets. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tr.

tr find_character replace_character < path/to/file

echo text | tr find_character replace_character

tr 'abcd' 'jkmn' < path/to/file

tr -d 'input_characters' < path/to/file

tr -s 'input_characters' < path/to/file

tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < path/to/file

tr -cd "[:print:]" < path/to/file